Permits & Zoning

Your County Wants to See the Safety Fan

Applying for a special use permit or conditional use permit for a shooting range? Expanding one you already run? Most range ordinances require a scaled site plan showing the safety fan: direct fire zone, ricochet zones, berm and backstop specs, buffer distances. We build that drawing.

Safety fan, danger zone, SDZ. Same drawing, three names.

All three mean the same mapped footprint: where every round fired on your property can possibly land, drawn to scale over your real terrain. Zoning boards approve ranges that can show it and stall the ones that can't.

County code / NRA

Safety fan

The term county ordinances and the NRA Range Manual use for the mapped danger area.

Military range control

Surface Danger Zone

The DoD name for the identical footprint: direct fire, ricochet, and secondary danger areas.

Insurance / underwriting

Ballistic containment study

What a carrier may call it when they want proof every round stays on your property.

What county range ordinances require

Wording varies by jurisdiction, but outdoor shooting range ordinances keep asking for the same three things:

01

A scaled site plan

Each firing range, the firing line, target line, and the safety fan with its component parts and dimensions.

02

Sized to the ballistics

The fan sized to the highest-powered firearms the range allows, per the NRA Range Manual or an equivalent standard.

03

Containment specs

Berm height and backstop construction, baffling, buffer distances, shotfall zones, and noise limits.

One public example: Cowlitz County, Washington's range chapter (ch. 10.22) requires a scaled site plan depicting the safety fan with dimensions, sized to the most powerful firearms allowed, per the NRA Range Manual. Your county's language will differ. The drawing they want won't.

Expanding an existing gun range

Grandfathered ranges lose that protection when they change. Under many ordinances, adding firing positions, extending hours, or enlarging the fire or shotfall zones triggers a new special use permit for the entire facility, with current site plan and safety fan documentation. Budget the safety fan study at the start of an expansion, not after the county sends the letter.

What the certified package includes

Mapping

Geo-referenced GIS

Direct fire, ricochet, and secondary danger zones mapped on your real terrain, firing lines, and approved weapon types.

Deliverable

Scaled overlays

Print-ready overlays formatted for a special use permit application, site plan review, or master plan exhibit.

Sign-off

Written analysis

A report a zoning board, county planner, inspector, or insurance underwriter can work from, signed by a Marine Corps-trained, certified range safety professional.

Who orders safety fan studies

Counties & cities

Building or expanding public shooting ranges, including grant-funded range projects.

Gun clubs & commercial ranges

In permit renewal, expansion, or dealing with neighbor complaints and noise petitions.

Law enforcement agencies

Standing up or upgrading a firearms training range.

Architects & engineers

Planning consultants and civil engineers who need the ballistic analysis scope covered on a range design contract.

Start the Project Intake   Talk It Through First

The intake takes about 20 minutes and gets you a written scope and fixed-price quote within two business days, the number your permit application or grant budget needs.

General information, not legal advice. Range permitting requirements vary by state, county, and municipality. Verify against your jurisdiction's current code.